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HSC Chemistry

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  1. Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter
    1.1 Properties of Matter
  2. 1.2 Atomic Structure and Atomic Mass
  3. 1.3 Periodicity
  4. 1.4 Bonding
  5. Module 2: Introduction to Quantitative Chemistry
    2.1 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
  6. 2.2 Mole Concept
  7. 2.3 Concentration and Molarity
  8. 2.4 Gas Laws
  9. Module 3: Reactive Chemistry
    3.1 Chemical Reactions
  10. 3.2 Predicting Reactions of Metals
  11. 3.3 Rates of Reactions
  12. Module 4: Drivers of Reactions
    4.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
  13. 4.2 Enthalpy and Hess's Law
  14. 4.3 Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
  15. Module 5: Equilibrium and Acid Reactions
    5.1 Static and Dynamic Equilibrium
    5 Topics
  16. 5.2 Factors that Affect Equilibrium
    2 Topics
  17. 5.3 Calculating the Equilibrium Constant
    2 Topics
  18. 5.4 Solution Equilibria
  19. Module 6: Acid/Base Reactions
    6.1 Properties of Acids and Bases
    7 Topics
  20. 6.2 Using Brønsted–Lowry Theory
    2 Topics
  21. 6.3 Quantitative Analysis
    1 Topic
  22. Module 7: Organic Chemistry
    7.1 Nomenclature
    2 Topics
  23. 7.2 Hydrocarbons
    2 Topics
  24. 7.3 Products of Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons
  25. 7.4 Alcohols
    1 Topic
  26. 7.5 Reactions of Organic Acids and Bases
  27. 7.6 Polymers
    2 Topics
  28. Module 8: Applying Chemical Ideas
    8.1 Analysis of Inorganic Substances
    3 Topics
  29. 8.2 Analysis of Organic Substances
  30. 8.3 Chemical Synthesis and Design
  31. Working Scientifically
    Working Scientifically Overview
    1 Topic
HSC Chemistry 7.1 Nomenclature Steps for Naming Organic Substances
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Lesson 22, Topic 1
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Steps for Naming Organic Substances

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The following steps are critical to accurately naming a variety of organic substances required by the syllabus.

  1. IDENTIFY PARENT CHAIN
    (longest continuous carbon chain)*
    *if multiple options of equal length, select for smallest branching
  2. IDENTIFY MAIN FN. GROUP
    Use below hierarchy (if multiple).
    No fn. group = alkane.
    –> YOUR SUFFIX
  3. IDENTIFY SUBSTITUENTS
    List alphabetically.
    –> YOUR PREFIXES
  4. DOUBLE/TRIPLE BONDS?
    Change ‘an’ –> ‘en’/’yn’ in parent prefix.
    (e.g. ethanol –> ethenol)
  5. MULTIPLE SAME SUBSTITUENTS?
    Add di/tri/tetra prefixes.*
    (2)(3)(4)
    *no effect on alphabetical order
  6. NUMBER CARBON CHAIN
    Give parent fn. group lowest #.
    If you have: alkanes, alkyl groups, halogens
    >> number from end closest to a substituent
  7. ADD LOCANT NUMBERS
    For every single substituent.

Important Considerations

Hyphens (-) go between letters and numbers. Commas separate numbers. There are no spaces in names, except for carboxylic acids.

Functional Group Hierarchy

i.e., the order of precedence of groups

  1. Carboxylic acids
  2. Carboxylic acid derivatives
    1. Esters
    2. Acid Halides
    3. Amides
  3. Aldehydes
  4. Ketones
  5. Alcohols
  6. Amines
  7. Alkynes, Alkenes
  8. Alkanes*

*Note that alkanes do not have a functional group. However, they have been placed in this list for convenience.