Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life

Cell Structure
Cell Function

4 Topics
Module 2: Organisation of Living Things

Organisation of Cells

2 Topics
1. Comparing Different Types of Cells
2. Biological Hierarchy
Nutrient and Gas Requirements

6 Topics
Transport

2 Topics
1. Transport Systems in Animals and Plants
2. Respiratory, Circulatory and Excretory Systems
Module 3: Biological Diversity

Effects of the Environment on Organisms

2 Topics
1. Effects of Selection Pressures
2. Changes due to Selection Pressures
Adaptations
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Evolution - the Evidence
Module 4: Ecosystem Dynamics

Population Dynamics
Past Ecosystems
Future Ecosystems
Module 5: Heredity

Reproduction
Cell Replication
DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
Genetic Variation
Inheritance Patterns in a Population
Module 6: Genetic Change

Mutation

1 Topic
1. Operation of Mutagens
Biotechnology
Genetic Technologies
Module 7: Infectious Disease

Causes of Infectious Disease
Responses to Pathogens
Immunity
Prevention, Treatment and Control
Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders

Homeostasis
Causes and Effects
Epidemiology
Prevention
Technologies and Disorders

HSC Biology Transport Transport Systems in Animals and Plants

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Lesson 5, Topic 1

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Transport Systems in Animals and Plants

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Xylem

Main carriageway for transporting water through the plant
It is made of specialised xylem tissue
Water enters the root system via osmosis

Phloem

Phloem is the vessel that transports products of photosynthesis via active transport
Phloem consists of two types of living cells:
- Companion cells
  - Smaller cells found along the side of the sieve tube cells
  - Contain nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles and other cell organelles
  - Control the activities of sieve tube cells
- Sieve tube cells
  - Long and thin with large pores through the cell wall at either end
  - No nuclei, mitochondria or vacuole
  - Arranged end to end in sieve tubes