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HSC Biology

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  1. Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life
    Cell Structure
  2. Cell Function
    4 Topics
  3. Module 2: Organisation of Living Things
    Organisation of Cells
    2 Topics
  4. Nutrient and Gas Requirements
    6 Topics
  5. Transport
    2 Topics
  6. Module 3: Biological Diversity
    Effects of the Environment on Organisms
    2 Topics
  7. Adaptations
  8. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  9. Evolution - the Evidence
  10. Module 4: Ecosystem Dynamics
    Population Dynamics
  11. Past Ecosystems
  12. Future Ecosystems
  13. Module 5: Heredity
    Reproduction
  14. Cell Replication
  15. DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
  16. Genetic Variation
  17. Inheritance Patterns in a Population
  18. Module 6: Genetic Change
    Mutation
    1 Topic
  19. Biotechnology
  20. Genetic Technologies
  21. Module 7: Infectious Disease
    Causes of Infectious Disease
  22. Responses to Pathogens
  23. Immunity
  24. Prevention, Treatment and Control
  25. Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders
    Homeostasis
  26. Causes and Effects
  27. Epidemiology
  28. Prevention
  29. Technologies and Disorders
HSC Biology Transport Transport Systems in Animals and Plants
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Lesson 5, Topic 1
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Transport Systems in Animals and Plants

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Xylem

  • Main carriageway for transporting water through the plant
  • It is made of specialised xylem tissue
  • Water enters the root system via osmosis

Phloem

  • Phloem is the vessel that transports products of photosynthesis via active transport
  • Phloem consists of two types of living cells:
    • Companion cells
      • Smaller cells found along the side of the sieve tube cells
      • Contain nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles and other cell organelles
      • Control the activities of sieve tube cells
    • Sieve tube cells
      • Long and thin with large pores through the cell wall at either end
      • No nuclei, mitochondria or vacuole
      • Arranged end to end in sieve tubes