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HSC Biology
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Module 1: Cells as the Basis of LifeCell Structure
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Cell Function4 Topics
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Module 2: Organisation of Living ThingsOrganisation of Cells2 Topics
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Nutrient and Gas Requirements6 Topics
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Transport2 Topics
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Module 3: Biological DiversityEffects of the Environment on Organisms2 Topics
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Adaptations
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Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
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Evolution - the Evidence
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Module 4: Ecosystem DynamicsPopulation Dynamics
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Past Ecosystems
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Future Ecosystems
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Module 5: HeredityReproduction
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Cell Replication
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DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
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Genetic Variation
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Inheritance Patterns in a Population
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Module 6: Genetic ChangeMutation1 Topic
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Biotechnology
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Genetic Technologies
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Module 7: Infectious DiseaseCauses of Infectious Disease
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Responses to Pathogens
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Immunity
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Prevention, Treatment and Control
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Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and DisordersHomeostasis
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Causes and Effects
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Epidemiology
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Prevention
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Technologies and Disorders
Lesson 2, Topic 3
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Photosynthesis, Respiration and Waste
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All living things fall under one of two categories:
- Autotrophs: Create their own food; plants, for example.
- Heterotrophs: Consume other organisms for food; humans, for example.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is used by plants to create glucose.
Chlorophyll (in the chloroplast) traps sunlight and uses the energy to react water and carbon dioxide to form glucose.
\text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} \xrightarrow{sunlight} \text{glucose} + \text{oxygen}
Two Stages of Photosynthesis
Light-Dependant Stage
Chlorophyll captures solar energy and uses it to produce ATP. Photolysis occurs, which is the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
\text{water} \xrightarrow{sunlight} \text{hydrogen} + \text{oxygen} + \text{ATP}
Light-Independent Stage
Glucose, water and ATP are produced. This stage does not require sunlight to function.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration converts glucose to energy which organisms can use to function.
Glucose is broken down in two ways during cellular respiration:
- Aerobic respiration (in the presence of oxygen)
- Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen)