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HSC Biology

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  1. Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life
    Cell Structure
  2. Cell Function
    4 Topics
  3. Module 2: Organisation of Living Things
    Organisation of Cells
    2 Topics
  4. Nutrient and Gas Requirements
    6 Topics
  5. Transport
    2 Topics
  6. Module 3: Biological Diversity
    Effects of the Environment on Organisms
    2 Topics
  7. Adaptations
  8. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  9. Evolution - the Evidence
  10. Module 4: Ecosystem Dynamics
    Population Dynamics
  11. Past Ecosystems
  12. Future Ecosystems
  13. Module 5: Heredity
    Reproduction
  14. Cell Replication
  15. DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
  16. Genetic Variation
  17. Inheritance Patterns in a Population
  18. Module 6: Genetic Change
    Mutation
    1 Topic
  19. Biotechnology
  20. Genetic Technologies
  21. Module 7: Infectious Disease
    Causes of Infectious Disease
  22. Responses to Pathogens
  23. Immunity
  24. Prevention, Treatment and Control
  25. Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders
    Homeostasis
  26. Causes and Effects
  27. Epidemiology
  28. Prevention
  29. Technologies and Disorders
HSC Biology Cell Function Photosynthesis, Respiration and Waste
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Lesson 2, Topic 3
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Photosynthesis, Respiration and Waste

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All living things fall under one of two categories:

  • Autotrophs: Create their own food; plants, for example.
  • Heterotrophs: Consume other organisms for food; humans, for example.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is used by plants to create glucose.

Chlorophyll (in the chloroplast) traps sunlight and uses the energy to react water and carbon dioxide to form glucose.

\text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} \xrightarrow{sunlight} \text{glucose} + \text{oxygen}

Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Light-Dependant Stage

Chlorophyll captures solar energy and uses it to produce ATP. Photolysis occurs, which is the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

\text{water} \xrightarrow{sunlight} \text{hydrogen} + \text{oxygen} + \text{ATP}

Light-Independent Stage

Glucose, water and ATP are produced. This stage does not require sunlight to function.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration converts glucose to energy which organisms can use to function.

Glucose is broken down in two ways during cellular respiration:

  • Aerobic respiration (in the presence of oxygen)
  • Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen)